49 Essential Sheet Metal Terms Every Professional Should Know

Foreword

This document aims to provide a detailed bilingual (Chinese and English) glossary for professionals in the sheet metal industry, covering 49 key processes from material preparation to surface treatment. Through a combination of text and images, it helps readers gain a more intuitive and in-depth understanding of various sheet metal processing techniques.

 

Detailed Explanation of Sheet Metal Terms

1. 剪料 (Shearing)

指材料经过剪板机得到矩形工件的工艺过程。 Process of obtaining rectangular workpieces from material using a shearing machine.

 

2. 下料 (Blanking / Cutting)

指工件经过LASER切割或数控冲床冲裁的工艺过程。 Process of obtaining workpieces by LASER cutting or CNC punching.

 

 

3. 落料 (Punching / Blanking)

指在普通冲床或其他设备上使用模具加工得到产品形状的工艺过程。 Process of obtaining product shapes using molds on a conventional punch press or other equipment.

 

4. 冲孔 (Punching)

指工件由普通冲床和模具加工孔的工艺过程。 Process of creating holes in workpieces using a conventional punch press and molds.

 

5. 折弯 (Bending)

指工件由折弯机成型的工艺过程。 Process of forming workpieces using a bending machine.

6. 成形 (Forming)

指在普通冲床或其他设备上使用模具使工件变形的工艺过程。 Process of deforming workpieces using molds on a conventional punch press or other equipment.

 

7. 抽孔 (Drawing / Flanging)

也叫“翻边”，指在普通冲床或其他设备上使用模具对工件形成圆孔边翻起的工艺过程。 Also known as “flanging”, the process of forming a raised edge around a circular hole in a workpiece using molds on a conventional punch press or other equipment.

 

8. 攻牙 (Tapping)

指在工件上加工出内螺纹的工艺过程。 Process of creating internal threads in a workpiece.

 

9. 扩孔 (Reaming / Enlarging Hole)

指用钻头或铣刀把工件上小孔加工为大孔的工艺过程。 Process of enlarging a small hole in a workpiece into a larger hole using a drill bit or milling cutter.

 

10. 沉孔 (Countersinking / Counterboring)

指为配合类似沉头螺钉一类的连接件，而在工件上加工出有锥度的孔的工艺过程。 Process of creating a tapered or stepped hole in a workpiece to accommodate fasteners like countersunk screws.

 

11. 压铆 (Press Riveting / Clinching)

指采用冲床或油压机把压铆螺母.压铆螺钉或压铆螺母柱等紧固件牢固地压接在工件上的工艺过程。 Process of securely pressing fasteners such as self-clinching nuts, studs, or standoffs onto a workpiece using a punch press or hydraulic press.

 

12. 涨铆 (Expansion Riveting)

指先将工件沉孔，再采用冲床或油压机把涨铆螺母牢固地压接在工件上的工艺过程。 Process of first countersinking the workpiece, then securely pressing expansion nuts onto it using a punch press or hydraulic press.

 

13. 拉母 (Rivet Nut Installation)

指采用类似铆接的工艺。用拉母枪把拉铆螺母(POP)等连接件牢固地连接在工件上的工艺过程。 Process of securely attaching rivet nuts (POP nuts) or similar fasteners to a workpiece using a rivet nut gun, similar to riveting.

 

14. 拉铆 (Blind Riveting)

指以拉铆枪为工具用拉钉将两个或两个以上工件紧密地连接在一起的工艺过程。 Process of securely joining two or more workpieces together using a blind rivet gun and blind rivets.

 

 

15. 铆接 (Riveting)

用铆钉将两个或两个以上工件面对面连接在一起的工艺过程，若是沉头铆接，需将工件先进行沉孔。 Process of joining two or more workpieces face-to-face using rivets. For countersunk riveting, the workpiece needs to be countersunk first.

 

16. 冲凸包 (Embossing / Extruding)

指在冲床或油压机用模具使工件形成凸起形状的工艺过程。 Process of forming raised shapes on a workpiece using molds on a punch press or hydraulic press.

 

17. 冲撕裂 (Lancing / Piercing and Forming)

也叫“冲桥”，指在冲床或油压机用模具使工件形成像桥一样形状的工艺过程。 Also known as “bridge punching”, the process of forming bridge-like shapes on a workpiece using molds on a punch press or hydraulic press.

 

 

18. 冲印 (Stamping / Marking)

指使用模具在工件上冲出文字.符号或其他印迹的工艺过程。 Process of imprinting text, symbols, or other marks onto a workpiece using molds.

 

19. 切角 (Corner Notching / Corner Cutting)

指在冲床或油压机上使用模具对工件角进行切除的工艺过程。 Process of cutting off corners of a workpiece using molds on a punch press or hydraulic press.

 

20. 冲网孔 (Perforating / Mesh Punching)

指在普通冲床或或数控冲床上用模具对工件冲出网状的孔。 Process of punching mesh-like holes in a workpiece using molds on a conventional punch press or CNC punch press.

 

21. 拍平 (Flattening / Coining)

指对有一定形状的工件过渡到平整的工艺过程。 Process of flattening a workpiece with a certain shape to a flat state.

 

22. 钻孔 (Drilling)

指在钻床或铣床上使用钻头对工件进行打孔的工艺过程。 Process of drilling holes in a workpiece using a drill bit on a drilling machine or milling machine.

 

23. 倒角 (Chamfering / Deburring)

指使用模具.锉刀.打磨机等对工件的尖角进行加工的工艺过程。 Process of processing sharp corners of a workpiece using molds, files, grinding machines, etc.

 

24. 校平 (Leveling / Straightening)

指工件加工前.后不平整，使用其他的设备对工件进行平整的过程。 Process of flattening a workpiece that is uneven before or after processing using other equipment.

 

25. 回牙 (Thread Repair / Reworking Thread)

指对预先攻有牙的工件进行第二次螺牙的修复的过程。 Process of repairing previously tapped threads in a workpiece.

 

26. 贴保护膜 (Protective Film Application)

指使用能保护工件表面的薄膜对工件表面进行防护的工艺过程。 Process of protecting the surface of a workpiece by applying a protective film.

 

27. 撕保护膜 (Protective Film Removal)

指对工件表面保护薄膜进行的清理过程。 Process of removing the protective film from the surface of a workpiece.

 

28. 校形 (Shaping / Forming Correction)

指对已加工成形出来的工件进行调整的工艺过程。 Process of adjusting already formed workpieces.

 

29. 热缩 (Heat Shrinking)

指使用加热设备(热风枪.烤箱)对套住工件的塑胶进行紧缩的工艺过程。 Process of shrinking plastic sleeves fitted over workpieces using heating equipment (heat gun, oven).

 

30. 贴标签 (Labeling)

指把标签贴到工件指定位置的工艺过程。 Process of attaching labels to specified positions on a workpiece.

 

31. 拉丝 (Brushing / Hairline Finishing)

指使用拉丝机和砂带对工件表面进行的一种纹路处理的过程。 Process of creating a textured finish on the surface of a workpiece using a brushing machine and abrasive belts.

 

32. 抛光 (Polishing)

指使用抛光设备对工件表面进行光亮处理的工艺过程。 Process of brightening the surface of a workpiece using polishing equipment.

 

33. 热处理 (Heat Treatment)

指为提高工件的硬度进行特殊处理的工艺过程。 Process of specially treating workpieces to increase their hardness.

 

34. 去毛刺 (Deburring)

指对工件进行钣金加工过程中，用打磨机.锉刀等工具去除工件毛边，使工件加工处光滑.平整的工艺过程。 Process of removing burrs from workpieces during sheet metal processing using grinding machines, files, etc., to make the processed areas smooth and flat.

35. 氩弧焊 (TIG Welding / Argon Arc Welding)

指工件和工件连接由氩弧焊机在工件边缘或接缝处焊接的工艺过程。其中又分为断续焊.满焊等，要在图纸上标示清楚。 Process of joining workpieces by welding their edges or seams with an argon arc welder. This includes intermittent welding and full welding, which should be clearly indicated on drawings.

 

36. 碰焊 (Spot Welding)

又称：“点焊”，是指由碰焊机将工件面对面焊接连接的工艺过程。 Also known as “spot welding”, the process of joining workpieces face-to-face using a spot welding machine.

 

37. 植焊 (Stud Welding)

指用植焊枪将植焊螺钉牢固地焊接在工件上的工艺过程。 Process of securely welding stud screws onto a workpiece using a stud welding gun.

 

 

 

38. 焊接打磨 (Weld Grinding / Weld Finishing)

主要指采用打磨机.锉刀等工具使工件焊疤处光滑.平整的工艺过程。 Mainly refers to the process of smoothing and flattening weld seams on workpieces using grinding machines, files, and other tools.

 

39. 前处理 (Pre-treatment)

指工件钣金加工完成后，在喷漆或喷粉以前，用电解溶液对工件进行除油.除锈及增加工件表面覆膜(如磷化膜)并清洗的工艺过程。 Process of degreasing, derusting, and applying a surface coating (e.g., phosphating film) to workpieces using an electrolytic solution, followed by cleaning, before painting or powder coating after sheet metal processing.

 

40. 刮灰 (Putty Filling / Body Filling)

指采用原子灰弥补工件表面的缺陷如焊接缝隙或凹坑的工艺过程。 Process of using body filler (putty) to fill surface defects such as weld seams or dents in workpieces.

 

41. 刮灰打磨 (Putty Sanding / Body Filling Grinding)

主要指采用平磨机或砂布针对刮灰后的工件，进行表面抛光的工艺过程。 Mainly refers to the process of surface polishing workpieces after putty filling using a flat grinder or sandpaper.

 

42. 喷油 (Spray Painting)

指采用专用喷枪把油漆均匀地喷附于工件表面的工艺过程。 Process of uniformly spraying paint onto the surface of a workpiece using a specialized spray gun.

 

43. 喷粉 (Powder Coating)

指采用喷枪把粉末均匀地喷涂在工件表面的工艺过程。 Process of uniformly spraying powder onto the surface of a workpiece using a spray gun.

44. 丝印 (Silk Screening / Screen Printing)

指用专用油墨渗透过特别的网格在工件表面形成文字或图案的工艺过程。 Process of forming text or patterns on the surface of a workpiece by allowing specialized ink to penetrate through a special mesh.

 

45. 电镀 (Electroplating)

指为保护或美观工件而在工件表面镀上一层金属的工艺过程。 Process of coating the surface of a workpiece with a layer of metal for protection or aesthetics.

 

46. 氧化 (Oxidation / Anodizing)

指为保护或美观工件而在工件表面形成氧化膜的工艺过程。 Process of forming an oxide film on the surface of a workpiece for protection or aesthetics.

 

47. 喷砂 (Sandblasting / Abrasive Blasting)

指通过喷砂机喷砂对工件表面进行处理的工艺过程。 Process of treating the surface of a workpiece by sandblasting using a sandblasting machine.